speeches for students

Important speeches for students

Jawaharlal Nehru

He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as "Uncle Nehru" The son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani, Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he trained to be a barrister. 

Nehru and the Congress dominated Indian politics during the 1930s as the country moved towards independence. 

Nehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941, when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor. 

Under Nehru's leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962.

Nehru had developed an interest in Indian politics during his time in Britain. Within months of his return to India in 1912 he had attended an annual session of the Indian National Congress in Patna.He was disconcerted with what he saw as a "very much an English-knowing upper class affair".The Congress in 1912 had been the party of moderates and elites. Nehru harboured doubts regarding the ineffectualness of the Congress but agreed to work for the party in support of the Indian civil rights movement in South Africa.He collected funds for the civil rights campaigners led by Mohandas Gandhi in 1913. Later, he campaigned against the indentured labour and other such discriminations faced by Indians in the British colonies. When the First World War broke out in August 1914, sympathy in India was divided. Frank Moraes wrote: "If [Nehru's] sympathy was with any country it was with France, whose culture he greatly admired." During the war, Nehru volunteered for the St John Ambulance and worked as one of the provincial secretaries of the organisation in Allahabad. He also spoke out against the censorship acts passed by the British government in India.Nehru in 1918 with wife Kamala and daughter Indira Nehru emerged from the war years as a leader whose political views were considered radical. 

Although the political discourse had been dominated at this time by Gopal Krishna Gokhale,[18] a moderate who said that it was "madness to think of independence", Nehru had spoken "openly of the politics of non-cooperation, of the need of resigning from honorary positions under the government and of not continuing the futile politics of representation". He ridiculed the Indian Civil Service (ICS) for its support of British policies. 

Nehru joined the movement and rose to become secretary of Besant's All India Home Rule League. In June 1917 Besant was arrested and interned by the British government. In the rift that formed within the Congress following the sudden closure of the non-co-operation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident, Nehru remained loyal to Gandhi and did not join the Swaraj Party formed by his father Motilal Nehru and CR Das. 

Internationalising the struggle Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi Nehru and his daughter Indira in Britain, 1930s Nehru played a leading role in the development of the internationalist outlook of the Indian independence struggle. 

In July 1946, Nehru pointedly observed that no princely state could prevail militarily against the army of independent India. In January 1947, he said that independent India would not accept the Divine Right of Kings,and in May 1947, he declared that any princely state which refused to join the Constituent Assembly would be treated as an enemy state. 

Declaration of Independence Nehru was one of the first leaders to demand that the Congress Party should resolve to make a complete and explicit break from all ties with the British Empire. 

He introduced a resolution demanding "complete national independence" in 1927, which was rejected because of Gandhi's opposition.In 1928, Gandhi agreed to Nehru's demands and proposed a resolution that called for the British to grant dominion status to India within two years. 

Nehru drafted the Indian declaration of independence, which stated: "We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. 

After the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929, Nehru gradually emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement. 

Civil disobedience Nehru and most of the Congress leaders were initially ambivalent about Gandhi's plan to begin civil disobedience with a satyagraha aimed at the British salt tax. It was a remarkable transformation and the Congress, under Gandhi's leadership, must have the credit for it." Architect of India Gandhi and Nehru in 1942 Nehru elaborated the policies of the Congress and a future Indian nation under his leadership in 1929. 

Electoral politics Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore Nehru visit to Europe in 1936 proved to be the watershed in his political and economic thinking. 

When the Congress party under Nehru chose to contest elections and accept power under the Federation scheme, Gandhi resigned from party membership. 

After much deliberation the Congress under Nehru informed the government that it would co-operate with the British but on certain conditions. 

On 23 October 1939, the Congress condemned the Viceroy's attitude and called upon the Congress ministries in the various provinces to resign in protest. Before this crucial announcement, Nehru urged Jinnah and the Muslim League to join the protest but the latter declined. 

Nehru and Jinnah walk together at Simla, 1946 When the Japanese carried their attack through Burma (now Myanmar) to the borders of India in the spring of 1942, the British government, faced by this new military threat, decided to make some overtures to India, as Nehru had originally desired.

On 28 May, Nehru was cremated in accordance with Hindu rites at the Shantivan on the banks of the Yamuna River, witnessed by many hundreds of thousands of mourners who had flocked into the streets of Delhi and the cremation grounds.[citation needed] Nehru, the man and politician made such a powerful imprint on India that his death on 27 May 1964, left India with no clear political heir to his leadership (although his daughter was widely expected to succeed him before she turned it down in favour of Shastri).

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhiwas born on 2 October 1869 to a Hindu Modh Baniya family in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the Indian Empire.

In August 1947 the British partitioned the land with India and Pakistan each achieving independence on terms that Gandhi disapproved.Role in World War I See also: The role of India in World War I In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, the Viceroy invited Gandhi to a War Conference in Delhi.Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case for India's independence, Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort.In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants. 

Deadly religious riots broke out in numerous cities, including 91 in Uttar Pradesh alone.At the leadership level, the proportion of Muslims among delegates to Congress fell sharply, from 11% in 1921 to under 4% in 1923. Non-co-operation Main article: Non-cooperation movement Mahatma Gandhi spinning yarn, in the late 1920s In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the co-operation of Indians and had survived only because of this co-operation. In protest, Gandhi embarked on a six-day fast on 20 September 1932, while he was imprisoned at the Yerwada Jail, Pune.The resulting public outcry successfully forced the government to adopt an equitable arrangement (Poona Pact) through negotiations mediated by Madan Mohan Malviya and Palwankar Baloo.This was the start of a new campaign by Gandhi to improve the lives of the untouchables, whom he named Harijans, the children of God.On 8 September 1931, Gandhi who was sailing on SS Rajputana, to the second Round Table Conference in London, met Meher Baba in his cabin on board the ship, and discussed issues of untouchables, politics, state Independence and spirituality.On 8 May 1933, Gandhi began a 21-day fast of self-purification and launched a one-year campaign to help the Harijan movement. This new campaign was not universally embraced within the Dalit community, as Ambedkar condemned Gandhi's use of the term Harijans as saying that Dalits were socially immature, and that privileged caste Indians played a paternalistic role. but left the Congress when the All-India leaders resigned en masse in protest of his abandonment of the principles introduced by Gandhi.Gandhi declared that Sitaramayya's defeat was his defeat. World War II and Quit India Main article: Quit India Movement Gandhi and Nehru in 1942 Gandhi initially favoured offering "nonviolent moral support" to the British effort when World War II broke out in 1939, but the Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war without consultation of the people's representatives. Quit India became the most forceful movement in the history of the struggle, with mass arrests and violence on an unprecedented scale. In 1942, although still committed in his efforts to "launch a nonviolent movement", Gandhi clarified that the movement would not be stopped by individual acts of violence, saying that the "ordered anarchy" of "the present system of administration" was "worse than real anarchy." He called on all Congressmen and Indians to maintain discipline via ahimsa, and Karo ya maro ("Do or die") in the cause of ultimate freedom. Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Bombay, 1944 Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942. 

As a rule, Gandhi was opposed to the concept of partition as it contradicted his vision of religious unity. Concerning the partition of India to create Pakistan, while the Indian National Congress and Gandhi called for the British to quit India, the Muslim League passed a resolution for them to divide and quit, in 1943.Gandhi suggested an agreement which required the Congress and Muslim League to co-operate and attain independence under a provisional government, thereafter, the question of partition could be resolved by a plebiscite in the districts with a Muslim majority. When Jinnah called for Direct Action, on 16 August 1946, Gandhi was infuriated and personally visited the most riot-prone areas to stop the massacres. He made strong efforts to unite the Indian Hindus, Muslims, and Christians and struggled for the emancipation of the "untouchables" in Hindu society. India's partition and independence were accompanied by more than half a million killed in riots as 10–12 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims crossed the borders dividing India and Pakistan. Gandhi, having vowed to spend the day of independence fasting and spinning, was in Calcutta on 15 August 1947 where he prayed, confronted rioters and worked with Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy to stop the communal killing. But for his teachings, the efforts of his followers, and his own presence, there perhaps could have been much more bloodshed during the partition, according to prominent Norwegian historian, Jens Arup Seip. Stanley Wolpert has argued, the "plan to carve up British India was never approved of or accepted by Gandhi...who realized too late that his closest comrades and disciples were more interested in power than principle, and that his own vision had long been clouded by the illusion that the struggle he led for India's independence was a nonviolent one." Assassination See also: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial at the former Birla House, New Delhi, where Gandhi was assassinated at 5:17 pm on 30 January 1948 on his way to a prayer meeting.

He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest. Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India.Eventually, in August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim Pakistan.As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 at age 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest at point-blank range. His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and world-wide as the International Day of Nonviolence.

India Independence Day Aug 15

Independence Day, observed annually on 15 August is a national holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the British Empire on 15 August 1947. On 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had become the first Prime Minister of India that day, raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi.

Major government buildings are often adorned with strings of lights.In Delhi and some other cities, kite flying add’s to the occasion. National flags of different sizes are used abundantly to symbolise allegiance to the country.Citizens adorn their clothing, wristbands, cars, household accessories with replicas of the tri-colour. Over a period of time, the celebration has changed emphasis from nationalism to a broader celebration of all things India. The Indian diasporas celebrates Independence Day around the world with parades and pageants, particularly in regions with higher concentrations of Indian immigrants. In some locations, such as New York and other US cities, 15 August has become "India Day" among the Diasporas and the local populace.

On Independence Day and Republic Day, patriotic songs in Hindi and regional languages are broadcast on television and radio channels. They are also played alongside flag hoisting ceremonies. Patriotic films are broadcast. Over the decades, according to The Times of India, the number of such films broadcast has decreased as channels report that audiences are oversaturated with patriotic films. The population cohorts that belong to the Generation Next often combine nationalism with popular culture during the celebrations.

Republic Day (India) on January 26

Republic Day honors the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India. The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent republic.

The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947, an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations): India and Pakistan.India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general.

Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi. 

Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting 3 days.

(Bhimrao Ramji )B.R.Ambedkar 

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits), while also supporting the rights of women and labour.[3][4] He was Independent India's first law minister and the principal architect of the Constitution of India. Ambedkar was a prolific student, earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics, and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law, economics and political science.In his early career he was an economist, professor, and lawyer.

Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 in the town and military cantonment of Mhow in the Central Provinces (now in Madhya Pradesh). He was the 14th and last child of Ramji Maloji Sakpal, an army officer who held the rank of Subedar, and Bhimabai Murbadkar Sakpal. His family was of Marathi background from the town of Ambavade (Mandangad taluka) in Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.

'The majority of India's constitutional provisions are either directly arrived at furthering the aim of social revolution or attempt to foster this revolution by establishing conditions necessary for its achievement. The text prepared by Ambedkar provided constitutional guarantees and protections for a wide range of civil liberties for individual citizens, including freedom of religion, the abolition of untouchability, and the outlawing of all forms of discrimination.

A Buddhist cremation was organised at Dadar Chowpatty beach on 7 December, attended by half a million grieving people.A conversion program was organised on 16 December 1956, so that cremation attendees were also converted to Buddhism at the same place. Ambedkar was survived by his second wife, who died in 2003, and his son Yashwant (known as Bhaiyasaheb Ambedkar). Ambedkar's grandson, Ambedkar Prakash Yashwant, is the chief-adviser of the Buddhist Society of India,leads the Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh and has served in both houses of the Indian Parliament.A number of unfinished typescripts and handwritten drafts were found among Ambedkar's notes and papers and gradually made available.

World environment day is very important day in our life. So, you can select any speech on World Environment Day according to your need and requirement: Speech on World Environment Day World Environment Day Speech 1 Good morning to the Excellencies, Principal Sir, Sir, Madam and my dear friends. 

World environment day

My name is … I study in class … Today, we are here to celebrate a most important day, world environment day. 

World environment day is a day especially celebrated to know and solve all the environmental issues. 

It is celebrated annually on 5th of June since 1973 however declared in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly during the opening of conference on Human Environment to raise the global awareness about declining condition of the environment as well as tell people about the importance of healthy and green environment on earth.

World Environment Day is a great annual event celebrated globally on 5th of June to understand our mistakes and act positively to neutralise the bad effects of those mistakes.

High temperature, extremely changing weather conditions and depleting water supply are causing rust and fungus which inhibiting the production of coffee. 

Dear friends, we need to do something effective in order to reduce the rate of climate change as well as save many natural resources for better life on the earth in future. We should start from small but effective steps like switch to organic food from inorganic food, use of natural fertilisers over chemical fertilisers, reduce use of electricity, reuse things, recycle waters, stop deforestation, save wild animals, etc to reduce the rate climate changes.

World Environment Day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 to celebrate annually on 5th of June. 

To motivate people for cleanliness in the nearby surrounding areas for better start of this campaign.

Wildlife trade has negatively affected the wild life and some of the animal species are near to the extinction in many countries. My dear friends, we all are members of a family and live in one home under one roof that is earth and environment.